Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull
The Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull" was developed in collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
and eduweb. Support for this Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull" was provided by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grant EO-08261.02-97A from STScI, which is
operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA
contract NAS 5-26555.
Principal Investigator:
Roeland van der Marel, STScI
Site Design and Development:
Eduweb; David T. Schaller, Principal
Text, Image Selection and Storyline:
Roeland P. van der Marel, STScI
Gijs Verdoes Kleijn, Groningen University, The Netherlands
David T. Schaller, eduweb
Gijs Verdoes Kleijn, Groningen University, The Netherlands
David T. Schaller, eduweb
Graphic Design and Illustration:
Steve Wagner, eduweb
HTML and Flash Production:
Paul Gardner, eduweb
Flash Programming:
Clayton Black, eduweb
Java Programming:
Ethalinda Cannon, eduweb
RenderMan Programming:
Frank Summers, STScI
Astronomy Outreach Consultant:
John Stoke, STScI
- Top Prize, 2005 Pirelli Award. Best multimedia presentation in science and technology and first prize in the physics category.
- Finalist, National Science Foundation 2006 Science & Engineering Visualization Challenge
- Bronze Award, 2006 Horizon Interactive Awards, for excellence in interactive multimedia production in the category Education/Training.
Animation Credits:
Animation courtesy NASA
Animation by Thomas Goertel
Animation by Frank Summers
All other animations were created by eduweb using Macromedia Flash.
Science Software Credits:
The light bending in the black hole lensing animation was calculated using software written by Robert Nemiroff
(antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/ htmltest/rjn_bht.html).
(antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/ htmltest/rjn_bht.html).
The trajectories in the "Orbit around a black hole" experiment are calculated and displayed using software written by
John Walker (www.fourmilab.ch/ gravitation/orbits), with Java modifications
by eduweb.
Image, Graphics and Animation Credits:
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy Mt. Wilson Observatory/60 Foot Solar Tower
Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy Dr. D. L. Daley,
North Carolina Wesleyan College
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
North Carolina Wesleyan College
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy J.T. Trauger (JPL), J.T. Clarke (Univ. of Michigan), the WFPC2 science team, STScI and NASA
X-ray image courtesy: NASA/U. Hamburg/J.Ness et al
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy of W. Pietsch, MPE Garching, Germany and ESA.
Image courtesy Chris Carilli and NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy Neal Jackson, STScI and NASA
Image courtesy A. Wilson & A. Young (UMD), P. Shopbell (Caltech), CXC, NASA
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy Andrea Dupree (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA), Ronald Gilliland, STScI, NASA and ESA
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy William B. Latter (SIRTF Science Center/Caltech) and NASA
Image courtesy NASA/RIT/J.Kastner et al.
Image courtesy EVN, VLBA, VLA and Alastair Stirling
© Carnegie Observatories
Image courtesy BeppoSAX/LECS team at ESA/ESTEC
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
© ESO European Southern Observatory
Image courtesy NASA/CXC/ASU/J. Hester et al.)
Image courtesy Naoyuki Kurita
Atlas Image obtained as part of the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing
and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.
Image from "Gas and Dark Matter in the Outskirts of M31" by: R. Braun, E. Corbelli, R.A.M.
Walterbos and D. Thilker in ASTRON Newsletter 17.
Walterbos and D. Thilker in ASTRON Newsletter 17.
Image courtesy the SEDS Messier Catalog, by Guy McArthur, Mark Elowitz, Hartmut Frommert and Christine Kronberg. SEDS, University of Arizona Chapter, Tucson,
Arizona, 1994-2003. www.seds.org/messier
Image courtesy ROSAT, MPE, NASA
Image courtesy NRAO/AUI
Image courtesy Digitized Sky Survey, STScI
Image courtesy NASA/CXC/MIT/F.K.Baganoff et al.
Image courtesy MERLIN
Image courtesy STScI, NASA and J. Bahcall (IAS)
Image courtesy NASA/CXC/SAO/H.Marshall et al.
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy Tom Jarrett
Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
Image courtesy NRAO
Image courtesy the NAIC - Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSF
Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
Image courtesy The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA)
© ESO European Southern Observatory
Image courtesy NASA, ESA, STScI, J. Bell (Cornell U.) and M. Wolff (SSI)
Image courtesy NASA, Reta Beebe, and Amy Simon (New Mexico State University)
Image courtesy NASA and E. Karkoschka (University of Arizona)
Image courtesy NASA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona
Image courtesy NASA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona
Image courtesy NASA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona
Public domain image
John Wheeler ca 1954 (Photo by Blackstone—Shelburne, New York City, Courtesy J. A. Wheeler)
Portrait by Godfrey Kneller, 1689
Image courtesy Wikipedia
Image courtesy Gravity Probe B Image Archives and NASA
Image copyright 1994 by University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Image courtesy Wikipedia
Image courtesy K. Thorne (Caltech), T. Carnahan (NASA GSFC)
Image courtesy Wikipedia
Image courtesy California State University
Image courtesy K. Cordes & S. Brown
Photo courtesy Ishwaree Neupane
Optical image courtesy: R.P.van der Marel & J.Gerssen, STScI and NASA; X-ray image courtesy: S.Komossa & G.Hasinger (MPE) et al., CXC, NASA
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy Caltech
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Image courtesy NASA, ESA, STScI, S. Beckwith and the HUDF Team
Image courtesy NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Image courtesy Brad Whitmore, STScI and NASA
Image copyright CERN
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy Roeland P. van der Marel, Frank C. van den Bosch (Univ. of Washington), STScI and NASA
Image courtesy NASA
Image courtesy Astrophysics and Space Research Group, University of Birmingham
Image courtesy Wikipedia
Image courtesy W.Couch (University of New South Wales), R. Ellis (Cambridge University), STScI and NASA
Image courtesy J.Rhoads, S.Malhotra, I.Dell'Antonio (NOAO)/WIYN/NOAO/NSF
Image courtesy STScI, NASA, ESA and T.M. Brown.
Image courtesy Paul Gardner
Acknowledgements:
This Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull" was created using a grant awarded in association with several Hubble Space Telescope observing projects on the topic of black holes. In addition to Roeland van der Marel and Gijs Verdoes Kleijn these projects involved the following scientists: Dave Axon, Josh Barnes, James Binney, Stefi Baum, Alessandro Capetti, Marcella Carollo, Tim de Zeeuw, Linda Dressel, Pierre Dubath, Holland Ford, Karl Gebhardt, Puragra Guhathakurta, Lars Hernquist, Anton Koekemoer, Duccio Macchetto, Alessandro Marconi, Michael Merrifield, Chris Mihos, Chris O'Dea, Ruth Peterson, Tad Pryor, Ethan Schreier, William Sparks, Massimo Stiavelli, Zlatan Tsvetanov, and Chun Xu. We thank these individuals for their involvement in these Hubble Space Telescope observing projects.
This Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull" was created using a grant awarded in association with several Hubble Space Telescope observing projects on the topic of black holes. In addition to Roeland van der Marel and Gijs Verdoes Kleijn these projects involved the following scientists: Dave Axon, Josh Barnes, James Binney, Stefi Baum, Alessandro Capetti, Marcella Carollo, Tim de Zeeuw, Linda Dressel, Pierre Dubath, Holland Ford, Karl Gebhardt, Puragra Guhathakurta, Lars Hernquist, Anton Koekemoer, Duccio Macchetto, Alessandro Marconi, Michael Merrifield, Chris Mihos, Chris O'Dea, Ruth Peterson, Tad Pryor, Ethan Schreier, William Sparks, Massimo Stiavelli, Zlatan Tsvetanov, and Chun Xu. We thank these individuals for their involvement in these Hubble Space Telescope observing projects.
We thank the following individuals for their involvement in the original grant proposal that ultimately led to the creation of this Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull": Stephen McMillan, Neil de Grasse Tyson, Govert Schilling, Ray Villard and Fabienne Vondenhoff.
We thank the following individuals for their suggestions related to the storyline of the Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull": Greg Bacon, John Godfrey and Bryan Preston.
We thank George Matsas, Jason Baumgartner and Niku Vaibhav for reporting an inaccuracy in our original implementation of the "The Voyage" module, which has now been fixed.
We thank the STScI Office of Public Outreach for their support and for their willingness to host this Web site "Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull" at http://hubblesite.org/
